Punjab Outlook

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act, 2024, significantly changes India’s water pollution regulatory framework. Notably, its applicability is initially limited to Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, and the Union Territories. For Punjab to adopt this amended legislation, the state must pass a resolution. ​Should Punjab choose to implement the amended Act, several provisions could influence public health outcomes:​Decriminalization of Minor Offenses: The amendment shifts from criminal penalties to monetary fines for minor, technical, or procedural violations. This change aims to reduce legal burdens on individuals and businesses, potentially fostering a more cooperative environment for compliance. ​
Enhanced Regulatory Oversight: The central government gains authority to prescribe guidelines for appointing chairpersons of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and to issue directives regarding the grant, refusal, or cancellation of industry-related consents. Standardizing these processes could lead to more consistent enforcement of pollution controls. ​
Tampering with Monitoring Devices: The Act imposes penalties ranging from ₹10,000 to ₹15 lakh for knowingly altering or interfering with monitoring devices such as water meters or gauges. This measure aims to ensure accurate monitoring of water quality, which is crucial for effective pollution control. ​By focusing on sustainable development and the prudent use of water resources, the amendment seeks to mitigate pollution’s impact on public health and the environment. ​
However, some critics argue that decriminalizing certain offenses may reduce the deterrent effect of the law, potentially leading to lax compliance and enforcement. They express concerns that this approach might compromise the accountability of industries and regulatory agencies, possibly affecting transparency in environmental management. ​
In summary, if Punjab adopts the 2024 Amendment Act, its impact on public health will largely depend on the effectiveness of implementation and enforcement. While the Act introduces measures aimed at improving water quality and, consequently, public health, the success of these measures will hinge on the commitment of regulatory bodies and stakeholders to uphold environmental standards.